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🗣 Wd提问: thinkphp api

🤖 Ai回答:
Sure! Here's a comprehensive guide on how to build a RESTful API using ThinkPHP (specifically ThinkPHP 6.x, the latest stable version as of 2024).

✅ ThinkPHP API Development Guide (ThinkPHP 6)

1、✅ Install ThinkPHP 6

If you haven't installed ThinkPHP yet, use Composer:

bash
composer create-project topthink/think myapi
cd myapi

This creates a new ThinkPHP 6 project in the `myapi` folder.

2、✅ Project Structure Overview (API-Focused)

ThinkPHP 6 follows MVC pattern、For APIs, we’ll focus on:

app/
├── controller/ API Controllers
├── model/ Database Models
├── validate/ Request Validation
├── service/ (Optional) Business Logic Layer
└── ..、

We’ll create a simple User API with `GET /api/users`, `POST /api/users`, etc.

3、✅ Configure Routing (routes/route.php)

Edit `routes/route.php` to define API routes:

php
<?php
use think\facade\Route;

// API prefix
Route::group('api', function () {
Route::get('users', 'api/User/index'); // GET /api/users
Route::post('users', 'api/User/store'); // POST /api/users
Route::get('users/:id', 'api/User/show'); // GET /api/users/1
Route::put('users/:id', 'api/User/update'); // PUT /api/users/1
Route::delete('users/:id', 'api/User/delete'); // DELETE /api/users/1
});

💡 Tip: Use `api/` prefix for clear separation of API endpoints.

4、✅ Create Controller (app/controller/api/User.php)

Create the controller:

bash
php think make:controller api/User

Edit `app/controller/api/User.php`:

php
<?php
namespace app\controller\api;

use app\BaseController;
use app\model\User;
use think\Request;
use think\facade\Validator;

class User extends BaseController
{
// GET /api/users
public function index()
{
$users = User::all();
return json([
'code' = 200,
'msg' = 'Success',
'data' = $users
]);
}

// POST /api/users
public function store(Request $request)
{
$data = $request-post();

// Validate input
$validate = validate('User');
if (!$validate-check($data)) {
return json([
'code' = 400,
'msg' = $validate-getError(),
'data' = []
], 400);
}

$user = User::create($data);
return json([
'code' = 201,
'msg' = 'User created',
'data' = $user
], 201);
}

// GET /api/users/:id
public function show($id)
{
$user = User::find($id);
if (!$user) {
return json(['code' = 404, 'msg' = 'User not found'], 404);
}
return json(['code' = 200, 'msg' = 'Success', 'data' = $user]);
}

// PUT /api/users/:id
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
$user = User::find($id);
if (!$user) {
return json(['code' = 404, 'msg' = 'User not found'], 404);
}

$data = $request-put();
$validate = validate('User');
if (!$validate-check($data)) {
return json(['code' = 400, 'msg' = $validate-getError()], 400);
}

$user-save($data);
return json(['code' = 200, 'msg' = 'Updated', 'data' = $user]);
}

// DELETE /api/users/:id
public function delete($id)
{
$user = User::find($id);
if (!$user) {
return json(['code' = 404, 'msg' = 'User not found'], 404);
}

$user-delete();
return json(['code' = 200, 'msg' = 'Deleted']);
}
}

5、✅ Create Model (app/model/User.php)

bash
php think make:model User

Edit `app/model/User.php`:

php
<?php
namespace app\model;

use think\Model;

class User extends Model
{
protected $table = 'users';
protected $pk = 'id';
protected $visible = ['id', 'name', 'email', 'created_at']; // Hide password, etc.

// Define fillable fields for mass assignment
protected $allowField = ['name', 'email', 'password'];
}

💡 Use `protected $visible` to control JSON output fields.

6、✅ Create Validation Rule (app/validate/User.php)

bash
php think make:validate User

Edit `app/validate/User.php`:

php
<?php
namespace app\validate;

use think\Validate;

class User extends Validate
{
protected $rule = [
'name' = 'require|max:50',
'email' = 'require|email|unique:user,email',
'password' = 'require|min:6',
];

protected $message = [
'name.require' = 'Name is required',
'name.max' = 'Name cannot exceed 50 characters',
'email.require'= 'Email is required',
'email.email' = 'Invalid email format',
'email.unique' = 'Email already exists',
'password.require' = 'Password is required',
'password.min' = 'Password must be at least 6 characters',
];

protected $scene = [
'create' = ['name', 'email', 'password'],
'update' = ['name', 'email'], // password optional on update
];
}

💡 Use scenes for different validation contexts (e.g., create vs update).

In controller, use:

php
$validate = validate('User')-scene('update');

7、✅ Database Migration (Create users table)

Run migration:

bash
php think make:migration create_users_table

Edit the generated migration file (`database/migration/xxx_create_users_table.php`):

php
public function up()
{
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table-id();
$table-string('name', 50);
$table-string('email', 100)-unique();
$table-string('password', 255);
$table-timestamps();
});
}

Run migration:

bash
php think migrate

8、✅ Test Your API

Start the built-in server:

bash
php think run

Then test with `curl` or Postman:

✅ GET all users:
bash
curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users

✅ POST new user:
bash
curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users \
-H Content-Type: application/json \
-d '{name:John Doe,email:john@65.hk,password:123456}'

✅ GET single user:
bash
curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/1

9、✅ Optional: API Response Helper

Create a helper trait to standardize responses:

app/trait/ApiResult.php

php
<?php
namespace app\trait;

trait ApiResult
{
public function success($data = [], $msg = 'Success', $code = 200)
{
return json([
'code' = $code,
'msg' = $msg,
'data' = $data
], $code);
}

public function error($msg = 'Error', $code = 400)
{
return json([
'code' = $code,
'msg' = $msg,
'data' = []
], $code);
}
}

Use in controller:

php
use app\trait\ApiResult;

class User extends BaseController
{
use ApiResult;

public function index()
{
return $this-success(User::all());
}
}

10、✅ Security & Best Practices

| Best Practice | Description |

| ✅ Use HTTPS | Always in production |
| ✅ Token Auth | Use JWT or ThinkPHP’s built-in session/token |
| ✅ Rate Limiting | Use middleware like `think\middleware\RateLimit` |
| ✅ Input Sanitization | Always validate + sanitize inputs |
| ✅ Hide Sensitive

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